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Introduction Climate change is reshaping the living calendar of the natural world. Across continents, shifts in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather are altering when species emerge, migrate, breed, and form communities. Phenology—the study of these timing changes—offers a window into how organisms respond to rapidly changing climates, revealing patterns that cross biomes from tropical forests […]

Introduction Understanding where greenhouse gas emissions originate helps identify where mitigation efforts can have the greatest impact. While emissions come from a range of activities, certain sectors consistently account for larger shares of the total global footprint. This article explores the major sources of greenhouse gases, the relative importance of each sector, and how trends

In the United States, greenhouse gas emissions originate from a diverse set of activities spanning energy production, transportation, industry, buildings, and agriculture. Understanding how these sources contribute to total emissions and how their shares have evolved over time is essential for designing effective climate policies and targeting the most impactful emissions reductions. This article provides

In the United States, greenhouse gas emissions originate from a diverse set of activities spanning energy production, transportation, industry, buildings, and agriculture. Understanding how these sources contribute to total emissions and how their shares have evolved over time is essential for designing effective climate policies and targeting the most impactful emissions reductions. This article provides

Introduction The transportation sector stands at a pivotal juncture where rapid urbanization, climate pressures, and evolving mobility demands converge. Implementing robust mitigation strategies requires a holistic approach that integrates policy, technology, infrastructure, and human behavior. This article outlines the most impactful strategies across these domains, highlighting how cities, regions, and transportation providers can reduce emissions,

Industrial sector emissions form a substantial portion of global greenhouse gas outputs, reflecting the energy intensity and fossil fuel dependency of modern economies. Understanding which industries contribute most and why they do so is essential for designing effective decarbonization strategies. This article delves into the major contributors, the drivers behind their emissions, and the opportunities

Energy transfer within ecosystems is governed by the arrangement of trophic levels, from primary producers that capture solar energy to apex predators that sit at the top of food webs. The efficiency with which energy moves from one level to the next is not uniform; it is shaped by biological, ecological, and environmental factors. Understanding

Habitat niche and trophic niche are foundational concepts in ecology that help scientists describe how organisms fit into their environments. While both terms relate to the role of a species within an ecosystem, they focus on different dimensions of that role: the places organisms live and the resources they use in those places versus the

Niche partitioning is the process by which coexisting species differentiate their use of resources or roles in an ecosystem to reduce competition. This concept helps explain why many species can share the same habitat without outcompeting one another. By partitioning resources such as space, time, food type, or microhabitats, organisms carve out unique ecological niches

Introduction Ecological communities are intricate tapestries woven from the roles organisms play and the interactions they establish. Food webs capture this complexity by mapping who eats whom and how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems. Central to these networks are two foundational concepts: niches, which describe the functional role of each species, and trophic levels,