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Population dynamics in the face of climate change present a complex tapestry of interacting processes, including birth and death rates, age structure, migration, species interactions, and habitat shifts. As climates continue to transform, traditional population models must adapt to capture nonstationary environments, emerging stressors, and cascading ecological effects. This article surveys the modeling approaches most […]

Adaptation is a fundamental driver of biological success, shaping how organisms respond to new environments, competitors, and stressors. Invasive species, defined as organisms introduced beyond their native range that establish, proliferate, and cause ecological or economic harm, frequently thrive where they are transplanted precisely because adaptive processes enable rapid alignment with unfamiliar conditions. The study

How population genetics data could inform forecasts of future invasions is a complex and interdisciplinary topic. By examining genetic variation within and between populations, researchers can infer historical migration patterns, population sizes, bottlenecks, and selective forces that shape the capacity of groups to move, establish, or resist incursions. When integrated with ecological, sociopolitical, and epidemiological

What is soil science’s main focus within geodiversity research? This article dives into how soil science contributes to understanding the broader concept of geodiversity, the variety of soils as a fundamental component of the Earth’s biodiversity and landscapes. By examining soil-forming processes, spatial distribution, and temporal dynamics, soil science illuminates how soils shape and are

Introduction Geomorphology—the science of landforms and the processes that sculpt them—plays a central, though often understated, role in shaping soil carbon dynamics. The arrangement of hills and valleys, slopes and plains, and the distribution of sediments created by rivers, glaciers, winds, and tectonics create a mosaic of microclimates, soil types, hydrology, organic matter inputs, and

Introduction Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks play a pivotal role in regulating the global carbon cycle, supporting soil health, and mitigating climate change. In the past few years, a growing body of high-resolution measurements, global syntheses, and predictive maps has refined understanding of how SOC varies across biomes, land uses, and depths, and how climate,

Introduction Measuring soil carbon sequestration in the field is essential for understanding the effectiveness of land management practices, validating climate-smart agriculture programs, and informing policy and carbon markets. This article presents a comprehensive overview of practical, field-ready methods for quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and changes over time. Emphasis is placed on techniques that

Cover crops have emerged as a central component of sustainable agriculture, offering a suite of benefits that extend far beyond short-term weed suppression or soil protection. By linking living plant cover to the soil’s biological, chemical, and physical processes, cover crops help build soil health, increase carbon storage, and foster resilient agroecosystems. This article synthesizes

Climate change is reshaping the timing of natural events in species around the world. From the budding of leaves to the migratory spurts of birds and the flowering schedules of plants, phenology—the study of these seasonal life-cycle events—serves as a sensitive indicator of ecological response to shifting climates. Across continents, continents, and biomes, phenological changes

Introduction Climate change reshapes the rhythms of life on Earth by shifting when species unfold their key life cycle events. Across continents, changes in temperature, precipitation, and seasonal cues alter the timing of flowering, breeding, migration, hibernation, and metamorphosis. The resulting phenological shifts ripple through ecosystems, modifying interactions among plants, pollinators, herbivores, and predators, and