General

Coal combustion is a major source of fine particulate matter, specifically PM2.5, which has significant implications for air quality and human health. However, not all PM2.5 particles are created equal—coal PM2.5 differs in composition, source characteristics, and effects from particulate pollution originating from other sources such as vehicular emissions, biomass burning, or industrial processes. Understanding […]

Coal remains one of the most abundant fossil fuels globally, but its combustion is a significant source of air pollution, releasing pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). These emissions contribute to smog, acid rain, respiratory illnesses, and climate change. In response, governments, industries, and researchers

Environmental and Economic Costs of Closing Coal Plants The global shift away from coal-fired power plants is a key element in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change. However, closing coal plants involves complex trade-offs and costs that affect both the environment and the economy. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of these costs, aiming

The shift towards sustainable energy sources has intensified the focus on biofuels as a potential alternative to traditional fossil fuels like gasoline. Understanding how biofuels perform in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions requires a detailed examination of their full lifecycle—from feedstock cultivation through processing, distribution, and final use. This article provides an in-depth comparison

Biofuels derived from food crops have been touted as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the shift toward producing biofuels from staple food crops such as corn, sugarcane, and soybeans has sparked significant environmental concerns. This article explores the multifaceted environmental harms associated with using food crops for biofuel production, revealing the complex trade-offs

Biofuels have often been presented as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, offering potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and promoting energy security. However, the environmental benefits of biofuels are influenced by complex factors, among which indirect land use change (ILUC) and rebound effects play crucial roles. These phenomena can significantly alter the net impacts

The shift towards renewable energy is critical in the global effort to combat climate change, and biofuels play a significant role in this transition. However, not all biofuel feedstocks yield the same environmental advantages. Understanding which feedstocks offer the largest climate benefits requires an in-depth look at their lifecycle emissions, land use impacts, and resource

Biofuels present a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, offering potential benefits such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced energy security. However, their sustainability depends heavily on how they are produced, processed, and integrated within global energy systems. To ensure biofuels contribute positively to climate goals and economic development without causing unintended harm, a combination

Aviation plays a critical role in the global fight against wildlife trafficking, a grave threat to biodiversity and conservation efforts worldwide. Through a combination of advanced technology, regulatory frameworks, and strategic partnerships, the aviation sector helps detect and prevent the illegal transport of protected animals and their products. This article explores the multifaceted ways aviation

Biodiversity loss poses a fundamental risk to the aviation sector, affecting ecosystem services that communities rely on and the broader climate-ecosystem interface that underpins travel, tourism, and commerce. As airlines seek to align with global sustainability agendas, many are adopting biodiversity net positive commitments—pledges to leave ecosystems in a better state than they would have